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The following article, "Wounds" is by the Canadian
communist and medical doctor, Norman Bethune, who died in
China serving the revolution. It is a scathing critique of
imperialist war. written 1939, published 1940
The kerosene lamp overhead makes a steady buzzing sound like
an incandescent hive of bees. Mud walls. Mud floor. Mud bed.
White paper windows. Smell of blood and chloroform. Cold.
Three o'clock in the morning, December 1, North China,
near Lin Chu, with the 8th Route Army. Men with wounds.
Wounds like little dried pools, caked with blackbrown earth;
wounds with torn edges frilled with black gangrene; neat
wounds, concealing beneath the abscess in their depths,
burrowing into and around the great firm muscles like a
dammed-back river, running around and between the muscles
like a hot stream; wounds, expanding outward, decaying
orchids or crushed carnations, terrible flowers of flesh;
wounds from which the dark blood is spewed out in clots,
mixed with the ominous gas bubbles, floating on the fresh
flood of the still-continuing secondary haemorrhage.
Old filthy bandages stuck to the skin with blood-glue.
Careful. Belief moisten first. Through the thigh. Pick the
leg up. Why it's like a bag, a long, loose red stocking.
What kind of stocking? A Christmas stocking. Where's
that find strong rod of bone now? In a dozen pieces. Pick
them out with your fingers; white as a dog's teeth,
sharp and jagged. Now feel. Any more left? Yes, here. All?
Yes; no, here's another piece. Is this muscle dead?
Pinch it. Yes, it's dead, Cut it out. How can that heal?
How can those muscles, once so strong, now so torn, so
devastated, so ruined, resume their proud tension? Pull,
relax. Pull, relax. What fun it was! Now that is finished.
Now that's done. Now we are destroyed. Now what will we
do with ourselves?
Next. What an infant! Seventeen. Shot through the belly.
Chloroform. Ready? Gas rushes out of the opened peritoneal
cavity. Odour of feces. Pink coils of distended intestine.
Four perforations. Close them. Purse string suture. Sponge
out the pelvis. Tube. Three tubes. Hard to close. Keep him
warm. How? Dip those bricks into hot water.
Gangrene is a cunning, creeping fellow. Is this one alive?
Yes, he lives. Technically speaking, he is alive. Give him
saline intravenously. Perhaps the innumerable tiny cells of
his body will remember. They may remember the hot salty sea,
their ancestral home, their first food. With the memory of a
million years, they may remember other tides, other oceans,
and life being born of the sea and sun. It may make them
raise their tired little heads, drink deep and struggle back
into life again. It may do that.
And this one. Will he run along the road beside his mule at
another harvest, with cries of pleasure and happiness? No,
that one will never run again. How can you run with one leg?
What will he do? Why, he'll sit and watch the other boys
run. What will he think? He'll think what you and I
would think. What's the good of pity? Don't pity
him! Pity would diminish his sacrifice. He did this for the
defence of China. Help him. Lift him off the table. Carry
him in your arms. Why, he's as light as a child! Yes,
your child, my child.
How beautiful the body is: how perfect its pads; with what
precision it moves; how obedient, proud and strong. How
terrible when torn. The little flame of life sinks lower and
lower, and with a flicker, goes out. It goes out like a
candle goes out. Quietly and gently. It makes its protest at
extinction, then submits. It has its day, then is silent.
Any more? Four Japanese prisoners. Bring them in. In this
community of pain, there are no enemies. Cut away that
blood-stained uniform. Stop that haemorrhage. Lay them
beside the others. Why, they're alike as brothers! Are
these soldiers professional man-killers? No, these are
amateurs-in-arms. Workman's hands. These are
workers-in-uniform.
No more. Six o'clock in the morning. God, it's cold
in this room. Open the door. Over the distant, dark-blue
mountains, a pale, faint line of light appears in the east.
In an hour the sun will be up. To bed and sleep.
But sleep will not come. What is the cause of this cruelty,
this stupidity? A million workmen come from Japan to kill or
mutilate a million Chinese workmen. Why should the Japanese
worker attack his brother worker, who is forced merely to
defend himself. Will the Japanese worker benefit by the
death of the Chinese? No, how can he gain? Then, in
God's name, who will gain? Who is responsible for
sending these Japanese workmen on this murderous mission?
Who will profit from it? How was it possible to persuade the
Japanese workmen to attack the Chinese Workman -- his
brother in poverty; his companion in misery?
Is it possible that a few rich men, a small class of men,
have persuaded a million men to attack, and attempt to
destroy, another million men as poor as they? So that these
rich may be richer still? Terrible thought! How did they
persuade these poor men to come to China? By telling them
the truth? No, they would never have cone if they had known
the truth, Did they dare to tell these workmen that the rich
only wanted cheaper raw materials, more markets and more
profit? No, they told them that this brutal war was "The
Destiny of the Race," it was for the "Glory of the
Emperor," it was for the "Honour of the State,"
it was for their "King and Country."
False. False as hell!
The agents of a criminal war of aggression, such as this,
must be looked for like the agents of other crimes, such as
murder, among those who are likely to benefit from those
crimes. Will the 80,000,000 workers of Japan, the poor
farmers, the unemployed industrial workers -- will they
gain? In the entire history of the wars of aggression, from
the conquest of Mexico by Spain, the capture of India by
England, the rape of Ethiopia by Italy, have the workers of
those "victorious" countries ever been known to
benefit? No, these never benefit by such wars. Does the
Japanese workman benefit by the natural resources of even
his own country, by the gold, the silver, the iron, the
coal, the oil? Long ago he ceased to possess that natural
wealth. It belongs to the rich, the ruling class. The
millions who work those mines live in poverty. So how is he
likely to benefit by the armed robbery of the gold, silver,
iron, coal and oil from China? Will not the rich owners of
the one retain for their own profit the wealth of the other?
Have they not always done so?
It would seem inescapable that the militarists and the
capitalists of Japan are the only class likely to gain by
this mass murder, this authorized madness, this sanctified
butchery. That ruling class, the true state, stands accused.
Are wars of aggression, wars for the conquest of colonies,
then, just big business? Yes, it would seem so, however much
the perpetrators of such national crimes seek to hide their
true purpose under banners of high-sounding abstractions and
ideals. They make war to capture markets by murder; raw
materials by rape. They find it cheaper to steal than to
exchange; easier to butcher than to buy. This is the secret
of war. This is the secret of all wars. Profit. Business.
Profit. Blood money.
Behind all stands that terrible, implacable God of Business
and Blood, whose name is Profit. Money, like an insatiable
Moloch, demands its interest, its return, and will stop at
nothing, not even the murder of millions, to satisfy its
greed. Behind the army stand the militarists. Behind the
militarists stand finance capital and the capitalist.
Brothers in blood; companions in crime.
What do these enemies of the human race look like? Do they
wear on their foreheads a sign so that they may be told,
shunned and condemned as criminals? No. On the contrary.
they are the respectable ones. They are honoured. They call
themselves, and are called, gentlemen. What a travesty on
the name, Gentlemen! They are the pillars of the state, of
the church, of society. They support private and public
charity out of the excess of their wealth. they endow
institutions. In their private lives they are kind and
considerate. they obey the law, their law, the law of
property. But there is one sign by which these gentle gunmen
can be told. Threaten a reduction on the profit of their
money and the beast in them awakes with a snarl. They become
ruthless as savages, brutal as madmen, remorseless as
executioners. Such men as these must perish if the human
race is to continue. There can be no permanent peace in the
world while they live. Such an organization of human society
as permits them to exist must be abolished.
These men make the wounds.
1939
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